JUDO

Jigoro Kano

WHAT IS JUDO ?

Judo is many things to different people.

 It is a fun sport, a discipline ,an art, a means of self-defense or combat , and a way of  life ,a  recreational or social activity, a fitness program . It is all of these .

 The Judo History

The Tokugawa Shogunate , crumbled and the imperial rule was restored 1868. With the collapse of the feudal system and the opening to the advanced countries of Europe and America.

Other of the reason was how Jujutsu had fallen into  disrepute

 Why did I call this Judo Instead of Jutsu ? BY Master Kano  to his Student  in1889 because what I teach is not  simply Jutsu ¨art¨ or Jitsu  ¨ practice ¨, of course I teach Jutsu ,but it is upon dô ¨ way ¨ or ¨ principle ¨.

The Kodokan was founded in 1882 by the late Prof. Kano who himself had established Judo .  

..It started with only nine disciples and  a twelve-mat dojo.  The Kodokan Judo was recognized  in a few years to be excellent  since its students overwhelmed the  Jujitsu athletes at the Police Bujutsu. Contest.

.The contest was between  Totsuka Jujutsu school and Kodokan Judo in 1886 under the auspices of the chief of metropolitan police. Each school sent 15 picked-men. .except two ended in a draw  all the other were won by the Kodokan.

This really was the first step for its future rapid progress.

Prof. Kano promoted judo as a physical exercise  from a wide national point of view. Proceeding with the organization of  the Kodokan and enacting the regulations of Judo, he became the first Asian member of  the International Olympic Committee  in 1909 and worked for the spread of Judo  world-wide.

 Judo became an official event in the Olympic Games of 1964, backed by Judo fans  and sport promoters all over the world.

"Judo", which is now exercised in many countries of the world, is the very Kodokan Judo, created in 1882 by Prof. Jigoro Kano. It is clearly stated in the Article 1 of International Judo Federation (IJF) statutes, "IJF recognizes 'Judo' which was created by Jigoro Kano."

 So Judo today is far away from the concept of   DO  or JUTSU  that Jigoro Kano Founded in his days .

JIGORO KANO 1860-1938

CHRONOLOGY

1860 October 28. Was born in the seaside town of Mikage , near Kobe.

1877. Student of Tokyo Imperial University .His first jujjusu  master was Teinusuke Yagi ,later studied under  Hachinosuke Fukuda and Masatomo Iso of the Tenshin Shinyû Ryù  and Tsunetoshi Iikubo  of the Kitô Ryû´.

1882. He established  de Kodokan With nine students and tatami with twelve mat-room

1889 Jigoro Kano left Japan for a European tour, as a  member of the ministry  of the Japanese Imperial house .The first demonstration in Europe was in Marseille ,south of France.  

that they became the first goodwill ambassadors in Europe. In Japan, The Japanese army opened Judo schools for their soldiers. One of the best students of Jigoro Kano was send to the United States of America, where he opened a school. Within a short time the school had a huge popularity.

1891.Consselor of the National Education Ministry

1898. President  of the Butokukai committee 

1902. Was sent to China by  the National Education Ministry

1905. Nippon Nationalism  reappeared  again after the victory against Russia

at that time there ere two more other organization the Butokukai  (    National school of Martial arts ) Kyoto and the Kosen

1909 Jigoro Kano first Japanese member of the Olympic committee .The Kodokan private organization was recognized  legally as a public organization

1911. The judo start  as scholarship program of physique education .It is also created a new section for the teachers of  Kodokan.

1912. Kano-President of the Central Sports Federation. With Mautsuito´s death ,end of the Meiji era.. Olympic games parade in Stockolm Sweden lined up with two more athletes representing Japan

1920. Assistance of J.Kano at the Olympic Games at Ambers (Belgium )

Demonstration in France (Marseille).

1926. Hiroito Crowded  Emperor

1928. Amsterdam Olympics Games (J.Kano Assistance ) .

1930. First Official Japanese Judo Championship .

1932. St, Diego Judo demonstration

1933. Jigoro Kano Conference á Paris “ Ecôle des Arts et Metièrs”   . he opened a new Kodokan, where he thought and trained every day. His school had 119.000 students, from which more than 85.000 had a black belt.  

1934. Conference at  the Parnasse Society .Athens

1937. War Japan – China.

1938  The Cairo. – he witnessed the congress of preparements for the Olympic games in Cairo which would be held in Japan .Death of Jigoro Kano on board of  Hikawa-Maru  boat  returning from Cairo to Japan at his 76 years old by pneumonia

  The Kodokan Judo schools spread over Europe. Professor Koizumi was send to England to open his school (Budokai). Proffessor Hanno hi left to Germany and later to Switserland. Proffessor Kawaishi was send to France.  

 Dojo

The origin of the name , it was found in Buddhism and means meditation Hall .The Hall must be as clean as possible, and within it there should always be that solemn atmosphere which ought to prevail in place of worship or mental training . 

Judogi

Judo costume  

The Bow .

Is the most important part of  JU

 BOW .  There are  two forms of salutation in judo .

One is made standing Ritsurei: (Standing Bow)  and

 the other kneeling Zarei: (Sitting Bow ).

 Salutation must be made not only between the combatants .It must be done also towards the dais or platform, on which superiors and instructors may be seated ,as well as to all those present,.

 When to Bow .

                Upon entering or exiting the Dojo

                Upon entering or exiting the Tatami

                Before class begins and after class ends

                Before and after working with a partner

 Manner and Attitude.

The Judo hall is a place for culture ,one must compose oneself and behave seriously without talking idly or acting noisily . during the practice or during the mach one must apply the fullest energy to the exercise.. Cooperation should be the ruling  spirit to keep the dojo well arranged and in order

 Hygiene

To maintain  cloth ,body and mind clean

Moderation in eating ,drinking and sleeping

Refrain from eating and drinking  during  practice

Keeping one’s boy clean and neat costume

To pare one’s nail

Don’t be disturbed in order to obtain sound sleep

Judo Gi: Students must learn the proper way to wear the gi and obi. Students should also wear zoris when not on the mat.

Students should not leave or enter the tatami without permission of a sensei while class is in session

Breathe through the nose

 Seating Places

                Kamiza (Upper Seat): for Senseis

                Shimoza (Lower Seat): for students

                Joseki: right side of Shimoza

                Shimoseki: left side of Shimoza

 Posture --Dachi Waza

 SHIZEN-HON-TAI: natural posture

Migi-shizentai  right natural posture

Hidari-shisentai  Left natural posture

JIGO-TAI: Defensive posture

Migi Jigotai

Hidari Jigotai

SHINTAI & TAI-SABAKI: Use of the feet in movement

The Principle of Waza

The theories of Tsukuri and Kake are expressing the principle from Waza's viewpoint. Tsukuri is made up of Kuzushi which means  to destroy your opponent's posture or balance, and "holding yourself ready" to make your attack  easier. When his posture has already been broken by Tsukuri, is called Kake.  

While you are practicing Tsukuri and Kake, both depend upon the fundamental principle of Seiryoku Zen´yô "Mutual welfare and benefit" and Jita kyôei "Maximum efficiency," .

 The relation between Tsururi and Kake is not only found in the technique of throwing but in all the others forms

 Kuzushi: Breaking posture .Disturbing balance.

Kuzushi an Indispensable factor  of the basic techniques of  Judo

Tsukuri: Preparatory action for attack

Kake:  An attack  

 Breakfall --Ukemi  

Must be learned  before  practicing  Randori

 Ushiro Ukemi  Back & Forward falls

Migi Yoko Ukemi  Right  side falls

Hidari yoko Ukemi  Left side falls

Migi mae ukemi  Front right  shoulder rolls

Hidari mae ukemi  Front left shoulder rolls

Mae Ukemi  Front falls

Not practiced  in Judo sport

ATEMI WAZA

The art of attacking the vital point

 TE-UDE

The hand and arms

Yubi suki ate –The finger tip

Ago oshi

Ryogan tsuki

Suri age .etc.

Kobushi ate.-The fist

Tsukake

Tsuki age

Yoko uchi.Etc.

Tegatana ate- The little finger edge

Naname uchi- shuto uchi

Kiri oroshi .Etc

Hiji Ate- The Elbow

                Ushiro ate

Mae ate

Yoko ate          

ASHI

The foot and lag

Hiza ate –Hiza gery

 Sekito ate –Mae gery

 Kakato ate-kakato gery

 Ushiro gery

 Yoko gery

 Katas  Of  Judo

In the Kodokan, the following are the eight main Katas adopted :

 NAGE-NO-KATA

( Forms of Throwing)

Three representative techniques are chosen from each of  five Nage wazas.

 KATAME-NO-KATA

(Forms of Grappling or Holding)

Five model techniques are chosen from each of three Katamewazas.

 KIME-NO-KATA

(Forms of Decision)

This is to learn the most valuable techniques in an actual fight. They consist of the techniques in a kneeling position and in a standing position.

 JU-NO-KATA

(Forms of Gentleness)

The ways of attack and defense are arranged in very gentle and expressive movements.

 THE KODOKAN GOSHIN-JUTSU

(Forms of Self- Defense)

The modern technique of Self- Defense consists of empty-handed techniques and techniques with weapons.

 ITSUTSU-NO-KATA

(Forms of "Five")

These forms are incomplete though they should have been included in the parts of the great Judo system by Prof. Kano.

 KOSHIKI-NO-KATA

(Antique forms)

Prof. Kano revised and adopted these forms so as to show the substance of Judo.

  THE MACH   

The contestants stand facing each other. The one to the referee's right wears a red sash and is designated Aka (red) and his opponent is Shiro (white).

The contestants bow to the referee and  between each other After the referee announces Hajime (begin).

The contest continues until one of the competitors scores an Ippon (full point) or until the time limit expires.

Duration of the match is determined in advance by tournament director and usually no less than 3 minutes. At any time during the match the referee can halt the contest by calling Matte (stop)  or Jikan (time out) .at which time the contestants return to the center of the mat. If there are no penalty assessments or score corrections, match resumes when the referee announces Hajime.

If a Judoka has control of his opponent with a mat hold, the referee signals and announces Osaekomi (judoka has control) and calls Toketa(loss of control) if he loses control before an Ippon.

At any time during the match, the referee may call Sono Mama (No move) and resume the match by calling Yoshi (OK)

 At the end of the match, the referee calls Sode Made (that is the end), and declares the winner.

Ippon: Full Point

When a judoka throws his opponent on his back with sufficient force and impetus

When a judoka succeeds in controlling and holding his opponent on the mat for 30 seconds

When a judoka (13 yr. & older) applies a choking technique and his opponent yields or the referee declares that the effect of the technique is sufficient

When a judoka has achieved 2 waza-ari (Any combination: i.e. 2 throws; 1 throw - 1 mat hold)

When a judoka's opponent is penalized with a Hansokumake

When a judoka has gained a waza ari and his opponent is penalized by Keikoku - Sogo gachi.

Waza-ari: Half Point

When a judoka executes a throw which lacks the quality of an Ippon

When a judoka holds and controls his opponent on the mat for 25-29 seconds

When a judoka's opponent is penalized with a Keikoku

Yuko

 When a judoka applies a partially successful throwing technique

 When a judoka holds and controls his opponent on the mat for 20-24 seconds

 When a judoka's opponent is penalized with a Chui

Koka

 When a judoka applies a throwing technique that does not quite merit a Yuko

 When a judoka holds and controls his opponent on the mat for 10-19 seconds

 When a judoka's opponent is penalized with a Shido

 RANKS